How far were divisions among its opponents responsible Essay Example for Free

How far were divisions among its opponents responsible Essay How far were divisions among its opponents responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881 1905? Internal and external divisions amongst opposing political groups of the Tsar were important and somewhat responsible to the survival of Tsarist Russia. However, other factors such as religion and repression were also effective in keeping the Tsar in a state of power. On the one hand, one of the main reasons why divisions among its opponents were responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule was due to external divisions involving all opposing political parties. This was because the parties did not work together as they were all divided in their aims and methods in order to achieve different targets. None realised that by working together they would have a greater impact on the current political standing of Russia. The main external divisions involved the Constitutional Democrat (Kadets) and the Social Revolutionary (Socialist) parties. Both of these parties had their own separate beliefs on what Russia needed and how in which it should change, yet due to the differing opinions they refused to work together to solve this. The Social Revolutionaries believed that the future of Russia was down to the peasants and the working class so they wanted to give the peasants their own land as well as improve living conditions for the working class. The assassination of Tsar Alexander II and acts of terrorism were among their tactics however, the Constitutional Democrats were against these acts of violence. They were the most moderate party and believed in votes and discussions as a way to express their views and opinions. They wanted to bolish autocracy and have the power shared amongst a democratic government. The parties also had different support groups as the Social Revolutionaries were aimed at and were very popular with the peasants whereas the Constitutional Democrats were more focused at the middle class and mainly those with professions such as a lawyer, doctor or merchant. This was partly responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule as although there were some similarities in the aims and objectives of the parties, the major differences in methods and tactics meant that singularly each roup didnt have the strength to achieve their goals and even though some tactics they had in common, it wasnt enough as they refused to work together to provide more force in their campaigns. This meant that opposition against the Tsarists rule was weakened to quite a great extent and this would have benefited the Tsar significantly as the parties could not contribute together. A further reason why divisions among its opponents were responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule was due to internal factors within the parties themselves. The most prominent example of this would be the internal division within the Social Democrat party which caused them to split into the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks when discussing party membership. The Bolsheviks, led by Lenin who won the debate, consisted of the majority of the party and Lenin suggested that only people dedicated to the main objective was to create a small revolutionary elite in order to combat the Tsar and so as not to be discovered by the secret police. The Mensheviks, led by Martov, rgued that the party should be open to anyone who accepted the objectives of the party and was willing to follow instructions from the leaders. This disagreement was based on different beliefs regarding the role of the party. Lenin and his supporters believed that the party should be one prepared to seize power as soon as possible whereas for Martov and his supporters, they believed the main purpose was to spread propaganda and increase awareness about the working class or proletariat. He failed to believe that Russia was ready for a revolution any time soon. Over the ollowing years the division become permanent and they eventually grew into separate political parties and, of them both, the secret police regarded the Mensheviks as the most threatening because they encouraged a working class discontent. As the working class made up about 80-90% of the Russian population at this time, unhappiness among them would cause the greatest uprising and the most difficult to control. This was partly responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule because it meant that the parties themselves (especially the Social Democrats) would not be trong enough to have any significant impact on affecting the Tsars rule. If they couldnt even function amongst themselves then they wouldnt be able to communicate and work together enough to challenge the Tsar and his power. This meant that opposition against the Tsarists rule was again weakened to some extent and this would have benefited the Tsar greatly. On the other hand, key reasons responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule were due to other factors such as religion. The Orthodox Church was very important to Russians and most extremely religious. By preaching blind obedience to God, it encouraged blind obedience to social superiors including the Tsars and as the Tsar was a monarch with complete autocratic control and was brought up into the Romanov dynasty, many believed that it was the Tsars God-given birthright to rule, and by total authority. Due to this, it was seen to be going against God himself and His choices by opposing to the Tsar. However, having said this, many also believed that God had turned His back on the Tsars due to the Khodynka Tragedy. It was a human stampede that occurred on 30th May 1896 on Khodynka Field, Moscow where hundreds were killed in the festivities following the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II, which led to the deaths of 1,389 people. This was partly responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule because Russian people would see it as going against God by going against the Tsar and for most it was seem an impossible thing to do. This could be described as deference to the Tsar and although some may not agree to it, defying God would be to commit a crime much worse due to how important the Orthodox Church was in society. A further reason responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule was due to repression against many Russian people. This included factors such as the army and the Okhrana in order to keep any political opponents or general opponents down and without a chance of success. The Okhrana are known as the Department for Protecting the Public Security and Order and were the secret police for the Tsar. It was formed to combat political terrorism and revolutionary uprising or activity and did this through many ways, the most common being violence. This created fear amongst the peasants as well as the which was a prison labour camp. Due to this, it prevented many Russian people from acting against the Tsar or Joining any political opposition groups and in this way it was partly responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule. However, having said this, many peasants at this time believed that had nothing to lose so for them this was an incentive to try make a difference while they could and stand up to the Tsar and what he stood for. This dramatically increased the number of supporters for the Social Revolutionary party. In conclusion, both internal and external division among political opponents were responsible for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years 1881 1905 more than other factors, and external division was slightly more important as it prevented the parties from working together to provide a united and unstoppable force against the Tsar. Much more could have been achieved from the collaboration of all political parties as they would have provided more strength to each other. This is eventually realised, which creates a significant impact to Russian politics after 1905.

Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers

There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform. Linux vs Windows TCO :: essays research papers There has been significant interest in the broader business community regarding the difference in the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) between the Linux and Open Source solutions on one side and Microsoft's proprietary Windows solutions on the other. Microsoft software is licenced to users on a feeforproduct basis, whereas most Linux and open source applications are available free of charge. There are, however, installation and support costs to consider. We will take all such costs into consideration in the models we present. While it is difficult to qualitatively analyse all of the TCO factors at play, it is possible to produce a reasonable firstpass quantitative estimate for the instantiation and operation of a complete computer environment and network infrastructure for a smalltomedium organisation, to illuminate the TCO differences between these two competing platforms. To that end, we have modelled an organisation with 250 computerusing staff, an appropriate number of workstations, servers, Internet connectivity, an ebusiness system, network cabling and hardware, standard software, and salaries for IT professionals to establish and support this infrastructure and technology. We've also added IT training for the staff along with expenditure items for ancillary IT systems and external consulting staff to assist in making it all work. We ran the model with two options: firstly, purchasing brand new hardware and network infrastructure explicitly for establishing this organisation's computer systems; and secondly, using preexisting hardware and infrastructure. We also simulated the IT expenses over a 3 year period, mimicking the operational lifespan of many corporate computer systems, and amortising the purchase and installation costs over that period of time. Throughout this comparison, we will be presenting the raw data as well as the explicative methodologies used in the determination of the overall costs. While we have taken care and effort to present a holistic analysis, we are mindful that no organisation is likely to operate with the exact parameters presented here, and we therefore recommend the use of the document as a guide only. Consider this document as a primer which you can use to generate an enhanced TCO model specifically tailored for your organisation, by removing those line items which don't make sense for your site and adding additional costs which are specific to your organisation. Further, while this document makes express use of technology and services found within the IT industry, it is intended for an audience of nonIT executives within small to medium sized organisations. The final results are summarized in the tables below. One compares the TCO difference between Standard Linux (namely the one that isn't acquired with a prepaid support contract) and Microsoft's platform. The second compares Red Hat's managed Enterprise Linux and Microsoft's platform.

Tom Brennan Speech

In life, everybody faces obstacles that have to be encountered. Sometimes they are good, and other times they are bad. I think it’s the individual coping with these new experiences that leads to significant rewards and life skills that help make growing up and transitioning into society easier. This is shown in the text we studied in class; ‘The Story of Tom Brennon’ by JC Bourke which is a story told through the eyes of 17 year old Tom Brennon. He has to encounter new experiences due to a horrific car accident his brother Daniel caused, killing two and paralyzing his cousin. The whole family suffers as they are forced from their hometown of Mumbilly due to society’s reaction to the death of their loved ones. This is hard on the whole family as they were so loving and devoted to their home town, especially Tom who was exceptionally close to his brother Daniel. Tom finds it quite hard to come to terms with all the new changes: a new town, no brother, living with his Nan. These are all things Tom finds difficult to adapt to. It makes it not just hard on himself, but also to the other people trying to help him. Tom learns to cope with his misery, adapt and fit in to a new school and make new friends. His involvement in rugby makes it easier to start to transition into a new town. Tom starts to build a strong relationship with his uncle Brendan who helps the family make their transition into their new town Coghill. Tom feels as though his Uncle is finally someone he can talk to about his emotions. Brendan encourages Tom to go for runs and the ‘ascent’ becomes a metaphor for his mental and emotional progress. As the runs get easier, Tom begins to become more flexible to the idea of new experiences. Towards the end of the story you get to see the old Tom Brennon again, happy and full of life. This is shown through his relationship with Chrissie a girl who Tom falls in love with. Old Tom never used to speak to girls as that was always Daniels talent, but things have changed. Through their relationship, Tom begins to talk about the accident, and how he felt about it and was affected. By talking to Chrissie he starts to realise that he isn’t the only one who has lost someone they are close to. Chrissie lost both of her parents to alcohol and other substance abuse, she doesn’t let this pull her down. Chrissie shows how she has also had to experience hardship but comes through these obstacles with a greater awareness of life. Encountering obstacles is also highlighted in the magazine article ‘2 of Us’ by Carla Grossetti, a tragic story of twin brothers Jamie and Andrew Daddo. They encountered a similar experience to Tom and Daniel, with both having to make dramatic changes to their lives and how they cope. This was caused when Jamie was in a drunken state and was hit by a car causing a serious head injury when he was only 18, permanently placing him in a wheel chair. In the article readers are told of the accident through the perspective of each twin, which gives an insight like Tom, of their reactions to each obstacle. The brothers tell you how they had to stick together, as it was hard times for both of them. Both brothers successfully made their change into the new world and have gained significant rewards. Jamie has learned to accept his dilemma and has learnt valuable life lessons. Jamie now paints and he says that this is something that makes him feel ‘normal again’. Jamie has also found his love, a lady Annie who is a special needs teacher. Andrew has also learnt valuable lessons from the accident and is now a father of three and also a children’s author/ TV presenter. Both texts talk of how individuals have faced difficult and extreme circumstances. These new experiences highlight how they have to encounter challenges and then overcome these obstacles. With the help of their families and friends they gain significant rewards. This is summed up with Jamie Daddo saying â€Å"I now value what I have and appreciate it’s the little things that are important. I think I’m a better person now. †

Investigating The Interaction Between People With The...

The purpose of observational methods is to investigate the interaction between people with the surrounding built environment, thus when researching food marketing along Ecclesall Road, the aim of the observation was to see whether restaurants with different marketing techniques attracted contrasting demographic profiles. While observing the marketing techniques and customer base, photographs were taken that documented the feature of interest, including whether outside seating facilities were being used and how the menu was presented to potential customers. This highlighted weaknesses associated with observation, firstly although the observation was performed after 17:00 on a weekday evening when people finish work and dine, most of the restaurants observed were very empty, with some appearing closed to the public. Consequently, the aim of the observation could not be achieved, as there were too few customers to make note of demographics. Thus photographs, an integral part of observation, could not illustrate how successful the marketing was being and whether it was increasing trade. The images could not capture movement or change, meaning as soon as one restaurant had been observed, customers could have entered but the researchers remained oblivious. Another weakness of the method, as a result of cameras being used, was that the covert nature of the observation was breached. As a consequence of restaurant owners seeing people taking photographs of their property, theyShow MoreRelatedScience And Art Of Nature1240 Words   |  5 PagesFor thousands of years, humans have utilized the natural environment for nearly all aspects of life. As we progressed as a species, We have become obsessed with expressing our ingenuity through our technologies, particularly infrastructure. As our structures were made bigger and â€Å"better†, the disconnect between our built environment and natural world has become more apparent. 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